SYSTEM DESIGN

Visa System Design Questions

5 distinct system design problems asked at Visa from September 2025 to September 2026, merged from 5 candidate reports. Each one links to a full solution.

Sources: PracHub, LeetCode discussions. Sorted by how often the problem was reported at Visa.

Design E-Commerce Tables and Indexes for Recent-Spend Queries

Design normalized relational tables for an e-commerce system (users, products, orders, order line items) that preserve the price actually charged at purchase time even when product prices change later, and enforce integrity…

HLD1 report·last Aug 2026

Payment system: states, payment methods, durable execution, retries

Design a payment processing system (like Stripe's core) that handles about 10,000 transactions per second between merchants and external payment providers. Support the full lifecycle: authorization (place a hold on funds with low…

HLD1 report·last Jun 2026·also asked at 4 other companies

Design a notification system

Design a multi-channel notification service (push, email, SMS, in-app) that other services call to notify users. It must accept sudden bursts of millions of notifications with low acknowledgement latency, persist them durably,…

HLD1 report·last May 2026·also asked at 8 other companies

Re-architect your current project for planet scale

Walk through the architecture of a real project you built, end to end: the trigger, components and interfaces, data ownership and storage, deployment, failure handling and your personal contributions. Then redesign it to work at…

HLD1 report·last May 2026·also asked at 1 other company

Memory allocator (LeetCode 2502 variant)

Design a memory allocator over a fixed array of n units: allocate(size, id) finds the leftmost block of size consecutive free units and assigns it to the id, and free(id) releases all units belonging to that id. Discuss data…

LLD1 report·last Oct 2025

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